What might you do in a typical first session with a student?

I always begin a first session with a new student with a discussion of goals. Most students seeking a tutor have a specific purpose in mind (i.e. improving grades in a class, preparing for an upcoming exam, developing a better understanding of a concept) and it's important that both the student and tutor develop a plan specifically designed to achieve this goal. Next, I evaluate the student's current level of knowledge in the subject, by reviewing academic history, previous test scores, and grades; sometimes I'll use diagnostic tests to aid with this assessment. Then, the student and I will work together to formulate the best plan for achieving their goals. Once we're in agreement on the best path forward, we'll begin implementing our plan.

What techniques would you use to be sure that a student understands the material?

I believe sample questions are the best way to ensure a student is fully comprehending covered material. My sessions always incorporate applying newly learned topics to answering example questions; if a student struggles to correctly answer these questions, it's a sign that further review on the topic is necessary.

How do you build a student's confidence in a subject?

I employ a "building blocks" approach to develop a student's confidence in a subject. Students have much greater success with new topics when they feel they have mastered the basics. I find this especially helpful in mathematics; the best way to help a student gain confidence in advanced algebra is to ensure they have a strong foundation in basic algebra.

How do you evaluate a student's needs?

I begin my assessment of a student's needs by reviewing academic history (classes they have taken, grades they received, previous test scores). Sometimes I'll have them complete diagnostic subject tests. I've found the most valuable component of my evaluation to be in-depth discussion with the student; no one knows a student's needs better than the student himself/herself.