How can you help a student become an independent learner?

It's easier to help a student become an independent learner by leading by example. If we have weekly sessions, I will prepare myself to cover the specific matters the student needs to have addressed. In that same vein - and I make it clear to my students - I expect them to do some legwork outside our sessions.

What strategies have you found to be most successful when you start to work with a student?

I feel like it's necessary to get to know the student and their goals before our first session. In this manner, I may be able to tailor the lessons or material I bring to our sessions.

How would you help a student get excited/engaged with a subject that they are struggling in?

I try as much as possible to apply a praxis approach to the subject. If we can relate the lessons to something they relate to, or do regularly, the student may understand the concepts easier.

What techniques would you use to be sure that a student understands the material?

I always attempt to use Praxis. It's an ancient technique whereby a teacher asks the student to work on a real-life case at the same time as learning the theory. It helps create a mnemonic template for the student.

How do you build a student's confidence in a subject?

You have to celebrate their gains. For instance, if a student has struggled in a subject, and they finally get a decent grade after a few sessions with you, you may try and have a fun session as a reward.