AP Statistics : Probability

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Statistics

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Example Questions

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

True or false: Two events which are mutually exclsuve are also independent events.

Possible Answers:

Sometimes

True

False

More information is needed.

Correct answer:

False

Explanation:

Events which are mutually exclusive are dependent events. This is becauce if one event happens, it affects the probability that the other event will happen.

Example- Tonight you may attend a soccer game or a basketball game. These events are mutually exclusive because they share no overlap. However, if you go to the basketball game, it changes the probability of you going to the soccer game to zero. Therefore, mutually exclusive events are not independent.

Example Question #11 :How To Identify Independent Events

A bag is set in front of you with three different colored marbles inside. There are 9 red marbles, 10 blue marbles, and 7 yellow marbles. What is the probability that you draw a marble that isnotyellow?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

First you find the total amount of marbles that are in the bag which is 26 (). Then you must add up all of the marbles that are not yellow which is 19 (9 red marbles + 10 blue marbles). Finally, you must divide the total marbles that are apart of you set (19) by the total marbles (26) and that gives you a probability of.

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

How many different football teams of 11 members may be created from 13 men, without regard to the position played by any of the members?

Possible Answers:

11

120

13

65

78

Correct answer:

78

Explanation:

There are 13 men to choose from in order to make an 11 member football team. Thus, the answer is set up as: 13 choose 11:.

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

Number of Emails

Probability

The number of emails that Sam can respond to per hour is given by this probability distribution. What is the average number of emails that Sam respons to per hour?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The answer is found by multiplyingby the probability:

emails

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

A child has a bag of marbles--red,blue, andyellow. The child randomly selects one marble and gives it away. The child then selects a second marble. What is the probability that both marbles selected were yellow?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The two events in this case are dependent (the result of the first event will affect the outcome probabilities of the second event). Find the probability of a particular outcome for both events by multiplying the probability of event A by the probability of event B given the result of A. In other words, multiply the probability of both events, remembering to account for the result of event A in determining the probability of event B. Here, the probability of selecting a yellow marble the first time is 3/8, and the second time is 2/7.

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

There are 10 horses in a herd. 4 are males, 6 are females. 7 of the horses are brown while the remaining 3 are white. 1 male horse is white, 5 female horses are brown.

A horse is randomly selected from the herd. What is the probability that the horse chosen is brown or female?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

This problem asks for the probability of one event or another, so the addition rule of probability is approriate. However, brown horse and female horse are not mutually exclusive events, because there are brown female horses. Therefore we must subtract the brown male horses to avoid double counting.

Now, fill in the equation.

Example Question #52 :Probability

The probability that there will be an accident on Highwayeach day is determined by the weather. If it's a dry day, there is a% chance of an accident, and a% chance if it's a wet day. The radio says that there is a% chance of rain today. What is the probability that there will be an accident on Highwaytoday?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

Slide1

The chance of an accident is dependent on the weather conditions, so that is the first branch on the tree diagram.

The probabilities at the next branch are conditional and the last two branches have the chance of accident.

and,

so the total probability of an accident is.

Example Question #52 :Probability

There is a sample of 100 randomly selected children (60 of which are boys and 40 are girls). They were asked if they liked to play football. 55 boys answered yes to the question and 5 of the girls aswered yes to the question. What is the probability that a child said yes to the question give that they are a boy?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The conditional probability formula is the probability of both events happening divided by the probability of the given event. The probability of saying "yes" and also being a boy is. The probability of being a boy in the sample is. So==.

Example Question #2 :How To Apply Conditional Probability

There are 10 horses in a herd. 4 are males, 6 are females. 7 of the horses are brown while the remaining 3 are white. 5 female horses are brown. A horse is randomly selected from the herd. Given that the horse is brown, what is the probability that the horse is a male?

Possible Answers:

Correct answer:

Explanation:

The probability of any event occurring is the number of outcomes in which case that event occurs divided by the number of total number of outcomes. Here you know that the total number of brown horses is 7, and if 5 of those brown horses are female then 2 must be male. So the probability that a brown horse is male is 2/7.

Example Question #11 :Independent And Dependent Events

There are 10 horses in a herd. 4 are males, 6 are females. 7 of the horses are brown while the remaining 3 are white. At least 1 male horse is white and 5 female horses are brown.

One horse is selected at random from the herd. What is the probability of selecting a female horse given that the horse selected is white?

Possible Answers:

Cannot be determined by the information given.

Correct answer:

Explanation:

This question asks for the probability of an eventgiventhat one event has occurred, meaning it is a conditional probability. The equation for a conditional probability is:

It is important to properly assign the A and B variables according to the question. It helps to read the equation out loud: "The probability of A given B equals the probability of A and B divided by the probability of A."

We need to find the probability of a female given that the horse is white. Therefore, female horse is A, white horse is B.

So, find each probability needed for the equation.

If 6 of the 7 females are brown, then 1 horse out of 10 is a white female horse.

Now, use the information to solve the equation.

Alternatively you could simply count out the number of favorable outcomes: there are 6 total female horses and 5 are brown, so that leaves 1 white female horse (the "favorable outcome" here). And there are 3 total white horses. So if you know that you're selecting from the pool of 3 white horses and only 1 is female, the probability of choosing a female white horse from that set is 1/3.

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