在1893年世界哥伦比亚博览会期间,通过弗雷德里克杰克逊特纳(Frederick Jackson Turner)的“美国历史中边界的意义”。
美国的边境与欧洲的边境有明显的区别一条经过人口密集的防线。美国边疆最重要的一点是,它位于自由土地的边缘。在人口普查报告中,它被视为人口密度为每平方英里两倍或更多的居民点的边缘。这个术语是有弹性的,就我们的目的而言,不需要明确的定义。我们将考虑整个边境地带,包括印度国家和人口普查报告ìsettled areaî的外部边缘。本文不会彻底尝试治疗主体;它的目的只是为了称为前沿作为调查的肥沃领域,并建议一些与之相关的问题。
在美国的解决方案,我们必须观察欧洲生活如何进入大陆,以及美国如何修改和发展生活并在欧洲做出反应。我们的早期历史是在美国环境中发展欧洲生命的研究。Institueal学生对日耳曼的起源来支付过于专注的关注,这对美国因素太少。边疆是美国最迅速和生效的线条。荒野掌握了殖民者。它发现他是欧洲服装,行业,工具,旅行方式和思想。它从铁路车上带走了他,把他放在桦木独木舟里。它在文明的衣服上剥离了狩猎衬衫和莫卡辛的衣服。它把他放在切诺基和伊罗奎诺的日志小木屋里,并在他身边运行印度栅栏。在长远之前,他已经去种植印第安玉米并用锋利的棍子耕作,他喊着战争哭泣,并在正统的印度时尚中取出头皮。 In short, at the frontier the environment is at first too strong for the man. He must accept the conditions which it furnishes, or perish, and so he fits himself into the Indian clearings and follows the Indian trails. Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe, not simply the development of Germanic germs, any more than the first phenomenon was a case of reversion to the Germanic mark. The fact is, that here is a new product that is American. At first, the frontier was the Atlantic coast. It was the frontier of Europe in a very real sense. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American. As successive terminal moraines result from successive glaciations,3 so each frontier leaves its traces behind it, and when it becomes a settled area the region still partakes of the frontier characteristics. Thus the advance of the frontier has meant a steady movement away from the influence of Europe, a steady growth of independence on American lines. And to study this advance, the men who grew up under these conditions, and the political, economic, and social results of it, is to study the really American part of our history. . .
粗体和带下划线的部分可以最好地描述为_____________.