The words “occident” and “orient” describe the West and the East respectively. The word “occident” comes from the Latin for “setting” in the sense of the sun’s evening “setting.” Since the sun sets—goes down—in the West, the West became called the “occident”—the land of the setting sun. The east, on the other hand, is the land of the rising sun. The Latin from which “orient” comes means “to rise.” The Christmas song, “We Three Kings” speaks of them as being from the “Orient.” The implication is that the kings came “from the east.” As something Italian is “western” (occidental) so is something Chinese “oriental.”

A season is a subdivision of the year, so the bridge sentence for this analogy could be written, “As a season is a subdivision of the year, so is the week a subdivision of X.” Although a week can be said to subdivide a year, it more closely subdivides a month. In any event, this is the only option provided, so it is the acceptable answer for this question.

At least in theory, monasteries are supposed to be places of silence. This analogy is very specific, but a bridge sentence could be written, “As the sound in a monastery is in a state of silence, so is it in a state of X in a metropolis.” A metropolis is the most important city in a region, hence one that is very busy and developed. Such an area would be known for its racket—loud sounds—among other things. Even if you read “silence” as a general characteristic for monasteries, none of the other options provide a general characteristic word for metropolis, so “racket” would be the only acceptable option.

"Hungary" is a country on the continent of "Europe," just as "Thailand" is a country in "Asia."

"Metropolitan" is often used to describe "cities," just as "pastoral" can be used to describe "farmland."

"Chicago" is a large city in the state of "Illinois", much like "Houston" is a city in "Texas."

"Solar" pertains to the "sun," just as "lunar" pertains to the "moon."

"Napoleon" was a general from "France," just as "Caesar" was also a general and leader from "Rome". . . and also a salad, but that is an incorrect comparison.

"Paris" is the capital city of "France," therefore "Tokyo" is the capital city of "Japan."

"India" is a "country," just as "Africa" is a "continent" (not a country!).