All GRE Subject Test: Psychology Resources
Example Questions
Example Question #5 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
病人呈现完全缺乏反应ion to violation of their "personal space" would most likely be suspected of damage to which area of the brain?
Amygdala
Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Broadly defined as the space around a person which that person regards as psychologically theirs, personal space is a concept under the umbrella of "nonverbal communication" and is thought to be controlled or heavily influenced by the amygdala. Research has shown that individuals with bilateral lesion of the amygdala show little or no reaction when their personal space is violated.
Example Question #1 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Which of the following is an instrument used to assess the tendency of a culture to engage in communicative tasks one-at-a-time versus several-at-a-time?
Revised Time Usage Inventory (TUI-R)
Inventory of Polychronic Values (IPV)
Simultaneity Assessment Index (SAI)
Time Facilitation Approach (TFA)
Inventory of Polychronic Values (IPV)
Developed in 1999, the IPV is a 10-item scale designed to test the extent to which cultures prefer to be engaged in at least two simultaneous tasks. The broader study of the role of time in communication, particularly in nonverbal communication, is known aschronemics.
例子问题# 7:Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
In terms of haptic (touch-based) communication, which of the following is nottrue?
Haptic communication is generally the first type to be perceived by the human body.
Low-context cultures are atypical in South America and Asia, and are more often found in European cultures.
High-context cultures, such as the U.S. and Germany, value communicating social rules through verbal exchanges.
Ritualistic touches, such as greeting and departure gestures, serve primarily to signal the beginning or end of expected communications.
High-context cultures, such as the U.S. and Germany, value communicating social rules through verbal exchanges.
In high-context cultures, most of the rules of social engagement are assumed to be known by members, and thus much more nonverbal communication is utilized. This type of communication is easier among nondiverse cohorts and in cultures which strongly value tradition and history, which may explain its relative prevalence in the Middle East, Africa, South America and Asia. The U.S. and Germany are examples of low-context cultures, where rules are spelled out more explicitly.
Example Question #8 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Which of the following is an example of an element of verbal communication which is processed non-verbally?
Palilalia
坑的变化ch of speech
McGurk effect
Atonality
McGurk effect
The McGurk effect is a well-known illusion which takes place when a person hears a component of a word while watching (or reading) a visual component for a different word. The overall effect blends the two into a third sound interpreted by the brain. This effect seems to be extremely robust, as even those fully aware it is about to happen still experience the illusion. It is thought to originate from the early age at which we learn to blend visual and auditory stimulus when communicating verbally.
Example Question #9 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
A person who hears the sentence "I enjoyed the beer I had with lunch" uttered in a high falsetto voice is more likely to report anxious feelings compared to when they hear the same sentence in a deep baritone voice. This is most closely an example of which of the following?
Phonetic discrimination
Meta-communication
Semantic marking
Lexical ambiguity
Semantic marking
Semantic marking occurs when the clarity of a message and its reception is directly affected by one or more aspects of paralanguage within the message itself. In this case, hearing a reference to alcohol in a voice with childlike qualities is enough of an anomaly to register in the mind of the listener, and the message is "marked" as abnormal.
Example Question #10 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Which of the following is not an example of meta-communication?
A politician's stutter is interpreted by others as a sign of weak political conviction in the subject being discussed
A teacher elongates vowel sounds when reading aloud a passage to demonstrate irony or disbelief in a text
A police officer responds differently to the sound of loud laughter at a parade than to the same sound on a street patrol late at night
A speaker delivers a speech both in Spanish and English in order to make it easier for nonnative speakers of either language to understand the message
A speaker delivers a speech both in Spanish and English in order to make it easier for nonnative speakers of either language to understand the message
Meta-communication refers to any qualities of communication which are designed to impart information about how the message itself should be received, rather than the content of the message. Intonation, cadence, and even the context in which verbal communication occurs are all types of meta-communication, because each of these things can affect how a message is perceived. In contrast, repeating a message in another language does not (generally) change how a message is perceived, but simply expandswhomcan perceive it.
Example Question #21 :Language
The idea that grammar is a system of rules explicitly designed to produce those sentences which contain words in grammatical order is most closely associated with which theory of grammar?
Relationalists
Lexical functionalists
Generativists
Stochastics
Generativists
Generative grammar was first proposed by Noam Chomsky in the 1950s, and primarily focuses on the study of syntax as it relates to hierarchies of grammars.
Example Question #22 :Language
密歇根州ael Argyle and Janet Dean Fodor are famous for their research into the relationship between which of the following?
Personal space and immediate environment
Eye contact and conversational distance
Cultural openness and lexical size
Liking and immediacy
Eye contact and conversational distance
Argyle and Dean co-developed affiliative conflict theory, the idea that people act to increase or reduce their levels of perceived intimacy with others in order to maintain a desired level of autonomy and intimacy. The mechanism through which people perform this balancing act, according to the theory, is nonverbal communication such as balancing levels of eye contact and conversational distance (a relationship Argyle and Dean studied extensively).
Example Question #11 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
According to the field of kinesics, the average human being is thought to be able to recognize and react to about how many distinct facial expressions?
Ray Birdwhistell founded the study of kinesics in the 1950s, focusing largely on nonverbal communication using distance, eye contact, and body posture in response and relation to a conversational partner or perceived audience. He proposed that humans can see anywhere from 200,000 to 300.000 distinct facial expressions, and grouped responses to these reactions by function and purpose rather than by reaction or intent.
Example Question #12 :Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Which of the following is true of hand gestures?
All hand movements are considered to be some type of gesture
Some gestures are always found accompanying speech
Hand gestures are generally divided into four groups based on use
There are no universally recognizable gestures
Some gestures are always found accompanying speech
Some gestures, calledconversational gestures, are always found to accompany speech, and are never found in the absence of verbal communication. Some hand movements such as tapping, scratching, or nervous fidgeting, are not considered gestures at all. Gestures are generally divided intosymbolicandconversationalgestures, with non-gesture movements sometimes calledadapters. Some gestures, like shoulder shrugging and threatening with a raised fist, are considered universal.
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