GMAT Math : Data-Sufficiency Questions

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for GMAT Math

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Example Questions

Example Question #81 :Word Problems

How much water does a chemist need to dilute a pure solution of chlorine in order to obtain 150 ml of solution?

(1) The chemist would like the final solution to be 15% chlorine.

(2) There is no chlorine in water.

Possible Answers:

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

也更ts (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

也更t (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

Explanation:

(1) The chemist would like the final solution to be 15% chlorine.

The final solution is 150 ml and contains 15% of chlorine. Let x be the amount of water, then 150-x is the amount of the original chlorine solution. The amount of chlorine in the original solution is the same in the final solution, only the concentration changes.

(2) There is no chlorine in water.

也更t (2) is not helpful as it does not help in finding the amount of chlorine in the final solution.

Example Question #82 :Word Problems

What quantity of solution is obtained by dilutingliters of pure acid with water?

(1) The final solution contains 20% of acid.

(2)ml.

Possible Answers:

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

也更ts (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.

Correct answer:

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

(1) The final solution contains 20% of acid.

Using Statement (1), we know the concentration of acid in the final solution. However, we cannot find the quantity of the final solution as we do not know what quantity of acid was diluted.

So Statement (1) Alone is not sufficient.

(2) x=20 ml

Using statement (2) we know the quantity of the original acid solution, but we do not know what quantity of water was added or the concentration of the final solution.

So Statement (2) Alone is not sufficient.

Combining both Statements,

We have 20 ml of a 100% acid solution. Note that there is 0% acid in water. After diluting the solution, we obtain y ml of a solution containing 20% of acid. The amount (in ml) of acid in the final solution equals the amount of acid of the initial solution:

Therefore 100 ml of solution is obtained by diluting the original acid solution with water.

Both Statements Together are sufficient.

Example Question #81 :Data Sufficiency Questions

An amusement park sells Children and Adult tickets. What was the total revenue for the day?

也更t 1: The amusement park sold 259 Children tickets and 345 Adult tickets.

也更t 2: Children tickets cost $32 and Adult tickets cost $45.

Possible Answers:

也更t 1 ALONE is sufficient, but Statement 2 is not sufficient.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t 2 ALONE is sufficient, but Statement 1 is not sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更ts 1 and 2 together are NOT sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

也更t 1 gives us the number of tickets sold but not the price. Insufficient.

也更t 2 gives us the price of the tickets but not the number sold. Insufficient.

Together, the two statements give us both the number of tickets sold AND the price of each ticket. From this we can calculate the total revenue.

Note: We are only trying to determine if we have enough information to answer the question. We don't have to actually do the computations!

Example Question #82 :Data Sufficiency Questions

How much money did Mary make this week?

声明1:玛丽工作40hours of regular time and an additional 6 hours of overtime.

也更t 2: Mary made $30 an hour during normal working hours and $37 an hour during overtime.

Possible Answers:

也更ts 1 and 2 TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t 2 ALONE is sufficient, but statement 1 is not sufficient.

也更t 1 ALONE is sufficient, but statement 2 is not sufficient.

EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.

Correct answer:

BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

We need both statements to find out how much money Mary made.

也更t 1 gives the type and number of hours, and statement 2 gives the amount she made per hour. Both together are sufficient, but neither is sufficient alone.

Example Question #2191 :Gmat Quantitative Reasoning

Jorge runs a business making picture frames.

我) Jorge madein gross profit last year,more than the previous year.

我我) Jorge had a profit margin of.

What was Jorge's net profit?

Possible Answers:

Neither I nor II are sufficient to answer the question. More information is needed.

Both statements are necessary to answer the question.

Either statement alone is sufficient to answer the question.

也更t II is sufficient to answer the question, but statement I is not sufficient to answer the question.

也更t I is sufficient to answer the question, but statement II is not sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Both statements are necessary to answer the question.

Explanation:

我gnore the comment about 15% more than the previous year. We want to find net profit and in statement one we are given the gross profit. Statement II gives us the profit margin or percent profit.

We can use percent profit and gross profit to find net profit, but we cannot do it with only I or only II. Thus, they are both needed.

Example Question #86 :Word Problems

An online store sells costum computers. Find the profit the store made on asale.

我) The computer cost the storeto build.

我我) The store generally makes aprofit.

Possible Answers:

也更t I is sufficient to answer the question, but statement II is not sufficient to answer the question.

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Neither statement is sufficient to answer the question. More information is needed.

Both statements are needed to answer the question.

也更t II is sufficient to answer the question, but statement I is not sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Either statement is sufficient to answer the question.

Explanation:

To find the profit, we either need to know the cost or the percent profit.

我)给你s the cost.

我我)给你s the percent profit.

Either of these can be used to find profit.

Example Question #1 :Discount

Susan went to a clearance sale and bought various items on sale. She saves 20% on a purse, retailing for $100. She saves 30% on a skirt that was marked down from a retail price of $40. She also bought a jacket that was on sale, and she spent a total of $150 . How much did the jacket retail for?

1. Her overall savings were 25% off the combined retail price of all three items.

2. Her discount on the jacket was $6 more than her savings on the skirt.

Possible Answers:

Both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient.

Each statement alone is sufficient.

也更t 2 alone is sufficient, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

也更ts 1 and 2 together are not sufficient.

也更t 1 alone is sufficient, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

Correct answer:

Each statement alone is sufficient.

Explanation:

Using statement 1, it is easy to see how much the total retail amount should have been. The total retail amount discounted by 25% is the amount that Susan spent. So, we name a variable. Let x be the total retail amount. Then x - .25x = $122. We can rewrite this as x(1-.25) or x(.75)=150 thus, x = 200. So we subtract the known retail prices of the skirt and the purse to get the retail price of the jacket. So 200 - 100 - 40 = $60 is the retail price of the jacket.

Now, we should check statement 2. Using statement 2, we can calculate the savings we had on the jacket. We can first calculate how much we saved on the skirt. So 30% of the $40 retail price is $12. After we find this, we use the information from statement 2 to find the savings we had on the jacket. So $12 + $6 = $18 saved on the jacket.

Now, we need to figure out how much we spent on the jacket. We do this by taking the total amount we spent and subtracting the discounted price of the purse and the discounted price of the skirt. So, a $100 purse, at 20% off, is $80. We calculated our savings on the skirt earlier, so we know we spent $28 on the skirt. So $150 - $80 - $28 = $42.

Now combining these two pieces of information, we see we spent $42 and saved $18 so 42+18 = $60 retail price for the jacket.

We can see that either statement alone is sufficient to solve the problem.

Example Question #1 :Discount

Data sufficiency question

During a semi-annual sale, the price of a shirt is discounted. Calculate the percent discount.

1. The sale price is $23.

2. The sale price is $6 less than the original price.

Possible Answers:

也更ts 1 and 2 together are not sufficient, and additional data is needed to answer the question

Both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient

也更t 2 alone is sufficient, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient to answer the question

Each statement alone is sufficient

也更t 1 alone is sufficient, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient to answer the question

Correct answer:

Both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient

Explanation:

我n order to calculate the percent discount, both the original price and the sale price must be known. From statement 1, we know the sale price and with the additional information from statement 2, we can calculate the original price and then overall percent discount.

Example Question #1 :Discount

A store owner applies a certain percentage of discount on items bought by customers who have a rewards card. What is the percentage of discount applied?

(1) A customer without a reward card pays 1.5 times what a customer with a reward card pays on the same articles.

(2) A customer with a reward card pays two thirds of any listed price.

Possible Answers:

也更t (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

也更t (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更ts (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

Correct answer:

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

Explanation:

(1) A customer without a reward card pays 1.5 times what a customer with a reward card pays on the same articles.

Let x be the price a customer with a reward card pays, a customer without a reward card pays 1.5x, 1.5x being the original selling price. We can calculate the percentage of discount as:

也更t (1) is sufficient.

(2) A customer with a reward card pays two thirds of any listed price.

Let y be the listed price of a given article. A customer with reward card pays.

The percentage of discount is:

也更t (2) is sufficient.

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

Example Question #90 :Word Problems

What is the amount of tuition for a MBA degree at University X?

(1) Students with a GMAT score above 700 receive a 50% discount on the tuition.

(2) The average tuition paid by 5 students is $50,000, if only 2 of these students received a 50% discount.

Possible Answers:

Both statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更ts (1) and (2) TOGETHER are not sufficient.

也更t (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

Each Statement ALONE is sufficient.

也更t (1) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (2) ALONE is not sufficient.

Correct answer:

也更t (2) ALONE is sufficient, but Statement (1) ALONE is not sufficient.

Explanation:

(1) Students with a GMAT score above 700 receive a 50% discount on the tuition.

也更t (1) is not sufficient as we do not know how much half of the tuition is.

(2) The average tuition paid by 5 students is $50,000, if only 2 of these students received a 50% discount. Let x be the full amount of tuition for the MBA program.

也更t(2) Alone is sufficient.

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