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Test:SSAT Upper Level Reading
Adapted from "Federalist No. 46. The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared" by James Madison inThe Federalist Papersby Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay (1788)
许多因素,除了那些建议former occasion, seem to place it beyond doubt that the first and most natural attachment of the people will be to the governments of their respective states. Into the administration of these a greater number of individuals will expect to rise. From the gift of these a greater number of offices and emoluments will flow. By the superintending care of these, all the more domestic and personal interests of the people will be regulated and provided for. With the affairs of these, the people will be more familiarly and minutely conversant. And with the members of these, will a greater proportion of the people have the ties of personal acquaintance and friendship, and of family and party attachments; on the side of these, therefore, the popular bias may well be expected most strongly to incline.
Experience speaks the same language in this case. The federal administration, though hitherto very defective in comparison with what may be hoped under a better system, had, during the war, and particularly whilst the independent fund of paper emissions was in credit, an activity and importance as great as it can well have in any future circumstances whatever. It was engaged, too, in a course of measures which had for their object the protection of everything that was dear and the acquisition of everything that could be desirable to the people at large. It was, nevertheless, invariably found, after the transient enthusiasm for the early Congresses was over, that the attention and attachment of the people were turned anew to their own particular governments; that the federal council was at no time the idol of popular favor; and thatopposition to proposed enlargements of its powers and importance was the side usually taken by the men who wished to build their political consequence on the prepossessions of their fellow-citizens.
| 1. | Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined clause, "opposition to proposed enlargements of its powers and importance was the side usually taken by the men who wished to build their political consequence on the prepossessions of their fellow-citizens"? |
The federal government was increasing in scale and power despite what being opposed by most politicians and their constituents.
Men seeking political power based on the preferences of their constituents tended to oppose expansion of the federal government.
Citizens did not favor the growth of the federal government.
Anyone wanting political power had to support the federal government's growth, or they would not be popular with their constituents.
Politicians favored increasing the power and importance of the federal government, but their constituents did not.
