PSAT Math : Prisms

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for PSAT Math

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Example Questions

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Example Question #1 :Prisms

For a box to fit inside the cupboard, the sum of the height and the perimeter of the box must, at most, be 360 cm. If Jenn has a box that has a height of 40 cm and a length of 23 cm, what is the greatest possible width of the box?

Possible Answers:

297 cm

207 cm

0.4 cm

13 cm

137 cm

Correct answer:

137 cm

Explanation:

First we write out the equation we are given.H+ (2L+2W) = 360.H= 40 andL= 23

40 + (2(23) + 2W) = 360

40 + (46 + 2W) = 360

46 + 2W= 320

2W= 274

W= 137

Example Question #1 :How To Find The Length Of An Edge Of A Prism

The volume of a rectangular prism is 80 cm3.The length, width, and height of the prism are each an integer number of cm. If the dimensions form three terms of an arithmetic sequence, find the average of the three dimensions.

Possible Answers:

8

5

7

4

6

Correct answer:

5

Explanation:

Method 1:

Trial and error to find a combination of factors of 80 that differ by the same amount will eventually yield 2, 5, 8. The average is 5.

Method 2:

Three terms of an arithmetic sequence can be written as x, x+d, and x+2d. Multiply these together using the distributive property to find the volume and the following equation results:

x3+ 3dx2+ 2d2x - 80 = 0

Find an integer value of x that creates an integer solution for d. Try x=1 and we see the equation 1 + 3d + 2d2- 80 = 0 or 2d2+ 3d -79 = 0. The determinant of this quadratic is 641, which is not a perfect square. Therefore, d is not an integer when x=1.

Try x=2 and we see the equation 8 + 12d + 4d2- 80 = 0 or d2+ 3d - 18 = 0. This is easily factored to (d+6)(d-3)=0 so d=-6 or d=3. Since a negative value of d will result in negative dimensions of the prism, d must equal 3. Therefore, when substituting x=2 and d=3, the dimensions x, x+d, and x+2d become 2, 5, and 8. The average is 5.

Example Question #1 :Prisms

A right rectangular prism has a volume of 64 cubic units. Its dimensions are such that the second dimension is twice the length of the first, and the third is one-fourth the dimension of the second. What are its exact dimensions?

Possible Answers:

1 x 2 x 32

2 x 4 x 8

4 x 4 x 4

3 x 6 x 12

1 x 4 x 16

Correct answer:

2 x 4 x 8

Explanation:

Based on our prompt, we can say that the prism has dimensions that can be represented as:

Dim1: x

Dim2: 2 * Dim1 = 2x

Dim3: (1/4) * Dim2 = (1/4) * 2x = (1/2) * x

More directly stated, therefore, our dimensions are: x, 2x, and 0.5x. Therefore, the volume is x * 2x * 0.5x = 64, which simplifies to x3= 64. Solving for x, we find x = 4. Therefore, our dimensions are:

x = 4

2x = 8

0.5x = 2

Or: 2 x 4 x 8

Example Question #1 :Prisms

A right rectangular prism has a volume of 120 cubic units. Its dimensions are such that the second dimension is three times the length of the first, and the third dimension is five times the dimension of the first. What are its exact dimensions?

Possible Answers:

4 x 12 x 20

None of the other answers

1 x 5 x 24

2 x 6 x 10

2 x 5 x 12

Correct answer:

2 x 6 x 10

Explanation:

Based on our prompt, we can say that the prism has dimensions that can be represented as:

Dim1: x

Dim2: 3 * Dim1 = 3x

Dim3: 5 * Dim1 = 5x

More directly stated, therefore, our dimensions are: x, 3x, and 5x. Therefore, the volume is x * 3x * 5x = 120, which simplifies to 15x3= 120 or x3= 8. Solving for x, we find x = 2. Therefore, our dimensions are:

x = 2

3x = 6

5x = 10

Or: 2 x 6 x 10

Example Question #1 :Volume Of A Rectangular Solid

A rectangular box has a length of 2 meters, a width of 0.5 meters, and a height of 3.2 meters. How many cubes with a volume of one cubic centimeter could fit into this rectangular box?

Possible Answers:

3,2 x 103

3.2 x 106

3.2

3.2 x 10-3

3.2 x 102

Correct answer:

3.2 x 106

Explanation:

In order to figure out how many cubic centimeters can fit into the box, we need to figure out the volume of the box in terms of cubic centimeters. However, the measurements of the box are given in meters. Therefore, we need to convert these measurements to centimeters and then determine the volume of the box.

There are 100 centimeters in one meter. This means that in order to convert from meters to centimeters, we must multiply by 100.

The length of the box is 2 meters, which is equal to 2 x 100, or 200, centimeters.

The width of the box is 0.5(100) = 50 centimeters.

The height of the box is 3.2(100) = 320 centimeters.

Now that all of our measurements are in centimeters, we can calculate the volume of the box in cubic centimeters. Remember that the volume of a rectangular box (or prism) is equal to the product of the length, width, and height.

V = length x width x height

V = (200 cm)(50 cm)(320 cm) = 3,200,000 cm3

To rewrite this in scientific notation, we must move the decimal six places to the left.

V = 3.2 x 106cm3

The answer is 3.2 x 106

Example Question #1 :How To Find The Volume Of A Prism

A rectangular prism has a length that is twice as long as its width, and a width that is twice as long as its height. If the surface area of the prism is 252 square units, what is the volume, in cubic units, of the prism?

Possible Answers:

1728

27

108

432

216

Correct answer:

216

Explanation:

Letlbe the length,wbe the width, andhbe the height of the prism. We are told that the length is twice the width, and that the width is twice the height. We can set up the following two equations:

l= 2w

w= 2h

接下来,我们被告知,表面积等于to 252 square units. Using the formula for the surface area of the rectangular prism, we can write the following equation:

surface area = 2lw+ 2lh+ 2wh= 252

We now have three equations and three unknowns. In order to solve for one of the variables, let's try to writewandlin terms ofh.We know thatw= 2h.Becausel= 2w, we can writelas follows:

l= 2w= 2(2h) = 4h

Now, let's substitutew= 2handl= 4hinto the equation we wrote for surface area.

2(4h)(2h) + 2(4h)(h) + 2(2h)(h) = 252

Simplify each term.

16h2+ 8h2+ 4h2= 252

Combineh2terms.

28h2= 252

Divide both sides by 28.

h2= 9

Take the square root of both sides.

h= 3.

This means thath= 3. Becausew= 2h, the width must be 6. And becausel= 2w, the length must be 12.

Because we now know the length, width, and height, we can find the volume of the prism, which is what the question ultimately requires us to find.

volume of a prism =l •wh

volume = 12(6)(3)

= 216 cubic units

The answer is 216.

Example Question #1 :Finding Volume Of A Rectangular Prism

The dimensions of Treasure Chest A are 39” x 18”. The dimensions of Treasure Chest B are 16” x 45”. Both are 11” high. Which of the following statements is correct?

Possible Answers:

Treasure Chest A can hold more treasure.

Treasure Chest A has the same surface area as Treasure Chest B.

There is insufficient data to make a comparison between Treasure Chest A and Treasure Chest B.

Treasure Chest B can hold more treasure.

Treasure Chest A and B can hold the same amount of treasure.

Correct answer:

Treasure Chest B can hold more treasure.

Explanation:

The volume of B is 7920 in3.The volume of A is 7722 in3.Treasure Chest B can hold more treasure.

Example Question #81 :Solid Geometry

Carlos has a pool in the shape of a rectangular prism. He fills the pool with a hose that ejects water at a rate ofpgallons per minute. The bottom of the pool isAmeters wide andBmeters long. If there arekgallons in a cubic meter, then which of the following expressions will be equal to the amount of time it takes, in hours, for the water in the pool to reach a height ofcmeters?

Possible Answers:

ABcp/(60k)

60ABcp/k

60ABc/(pk)

ABck/(60p)

ABc/(pk)

Correct answer:

ABck/(60p)

Explanation:

Fillpool1

Fillpool2

Example Question #1 :How To Find The Diagonal Of A Prism

The dimensions of a right, rectangular prism are 4 in x 12 in x 2 ft. What is the diagonal distance of the prism?

Possible Answers:

8√(23)

4√(3)

4√(46)

8√(7)

None of the other answers

Correct answer:

4√(46)

Explanation:

The problem is simple, butbe carefulThe units are not equal.First convert the last dimension into inches. There are 12 inches per foot. Therefore, the prism's dimensions really are: 4 in x 12 in x 24 in.

From this point, things are relatively easy. The distance from corner to corner in a three-dimensional prism like this can be found by using a variation on the Pythagorean Theorem that merely adds one dimension. That is,d2=x2+y2+z2, ord=√(x2+y2+z2)

For our data, this would be:

d= √(42+ 122+ 242) = √(16 + 144 + 576) = √(736) = √(2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 23) = 4√(46)

Example Question #1 :How To Find The Diagonal Of A Prism

The base of a right, rectangular prism is a square. Its height is three times that of one of the sides of the base. If its overall volume is 375 in3, what is the diagonal distance of the prism?

Possible Answers:

5 in

5√(11) in

25√(11) in

None of the other answers

5√(3) in

Correct answer:

5√(11) in

Explanation:

First, let's represent our dimensions. We know the bottom could be represented as beingxbyx.The height is said to be three times one of these dimensions, so let's call it 3x.Based on this, we know the dimensions of the prism arex,x, and 3x.现在,对矩形棱柱的体积found by multiplying together its three dimensions. Therefore, if we know the overall volume is 375 in3, we can say:

375 =x*x* 3xor 375 = 3x3

Simplifying, we first divide by 3: 125 =x3.Taking the cube root of both sides, we find thatx= 5.

Now, be careful.The dimensionsare not5, 5, 5. They are (recall)x,x, and 3x.Ifx= 5, this means the dimensions are 5, 5, and 15.

At this point, things are beginning to progress to the end of the problem. The distance from corner to corner in a three-dimensional prism like this can be found by using a variation on the Pythagorean Theorem that merely adds one dimension. That is,d2=x2+y2+z2, ord= √(x2+y2+z2)

For our data, this would be:d= √(52+ 52+ 152) = √(25 + 25 + 225) = √(275) = √(5 * 5 * 11) = 5√(11) in

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