AP Latin : Chiasmus

Study concepts, example questions & explanations for AP Latin

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Example Questions

Example Question #1 :Syntactical Devices

inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido
errabat silva in magna; quam Troius heros
ut primum iuxta stetit agnovitque per umbras
obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense
aut videt aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, 5
demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est:
'infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo
venerat exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam?
funeris heu tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro,
per superos et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, 10
inuitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi.

In line 8, there is an example of which of the following?

Possible Answers:

Chiasmus

Simile

Litotes

Synchesis

Correct answer:

Chiasmus

Explanation:

In line 8, the phrase "exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam"是an example of chiasmus. In these words, the A-B-B-A pattern (in this case, accusative-ablative-ablative-accusative) that is characteristic of a chiasmus is present.

(Passage adapted from theAeneidby Vergil, 6.450-460)

Example Question #2 :Literary Device Identification

Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus,
rumoresque senum severiorum
omnesunius aestimemus assis!
soles occidere et redire possunt:
nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux, 5
nox est perpetua una dormienda.
da mi basia mille, deinde centum,
dein mille altera, dein secunda centum,
deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum.
dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, 10
conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus,
aut ne quis malus invidere possit,
cum tantum sciat esse basiorum.

What literary device is present in the underlined selection?

Possible Answers:

Tmesis

Prolepsis

Pleonasm

Chiasmus

Correct answer:

Chiasmus

Explanation:

In the phrase "rumoresque senum severiorum omnes,"we see that the cases of the words are in the order accusative plural, genitive plura, genitive plural, accusative plural. This A-B-B-A structure is typical of chiasmus.

Passage adapted from "Catullus 5" by Catullus.

Example Question #7 :Syntactical Devices

vix etiam Phoebo iam lyra tuta sua est?
cum bene surrexit versu nova pagina primo,
attenuat nervos proximus ille meos;
nec mihi materia est numeris levioribus apta,
aut puer aut longas compta puella comas.' 5
Questus eram, pharetra cum protinus ille soluta
legit in exitium spicula facta meum,
lunavitque genu sinuosum fortiter arcum,
'quod' que 'canas, vates, accipe' dixit 'opus!'
Me miserum! certas habuit puer ille sagittas. 10
uror, et in vacuo pectore regnat Amor.
Sex mihi surgat opus numeris, in quinque residat:
ferrea cum vestris bella valete modis!
cingere litorea flaventia tempora myrto,
Musa, per undenos emodulanda pedes! 15

The underlined portion contains an example of__________________.

Possible Answers:

Onomatopeia

Chiasmus

Metonymy

Alliteration

Correct answer:

Chiasmus

Explanation:

The wordsversu...primo是交错法的一个例子。这些话都发ed in an ABBA order (ablative sing - nominative sing - nominative sing - ablative sing). Alliteration is a repitition of a sound in the beginning of a word, metonymy is using one word as a substitute for another, and onomatopeia is the use of a word that represents a sound.

Passage adapted fromAmoresby Ovid, I. 1-15

Example Question #8 :Syntactical Devices

vix etiam Phoebo iam lyra tuta sua est?
cum bene surrexit versu nova pagina primo,
attenuat nervos proximus ille meos;
nec mihi materia est numeris levioribus apta,
aut puer aut longas compta puella comas.'5
Questus eram, pharetra cum protinus ille soluta
legit in exitium spicula facta meum,
lunavitque genu sinuosum fortiter arcum,
'quod' que 'canas, vates, accipe' dixit 'opus!'
Me miserum! certas habuit puer ille sagittas. 10
uror, et in vacuo pectore regnat Amor.
Sex mihi surgat opus numeris, in quinque residat:
ferrea cum vestris bella valete modis!
cingere litorea flaventia tempora myrto,
Musa, per undenos emodulanda pedes! 15

The underlined portion contains an example of___________________.

Possible Answers:

Hyperbole

Apostrophe

Chiasmus

Simile

Correct answer:

Chiasmus

Explanation:

The wordslongas...comas是an example of chiasmus.It is arranged in an ABBA structure (accusative pl - nominative sing - nominative sing - accusative pl). "Apostrophe" iswhen the speaker speaks to someone who is not present, "hyperbole"是an overstatement of something for emphasis(exaggeration), and a "simile" isa comparison using like or as (ut).

Passage adapted fromAmoresby Ovid, I. 16-30

Example Question #1 :Literary Device Identification

Arma gravi numero violentaquebella parabam
edere, materia conveniente modis.
par erat inferior versus—risisse Cupido
dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem.
'Quis tibi, saeve puer, dedit hoc in carmina iuris?
Pieridum vates, non tua turba sumus.
quid, si praeripiat flavae Venus arma Minervae,
ventilet accensas flava Minerva faces?
quis probet in silvis Cererem regnare iugosis,
lege pharetratae Virginis arva coli?
crinibus insignem quis acuta cuspide Phoebum
instruat, Aoniam Marte movente lyram?
sunt tibi magna, puer, nimiumque potentia regna;
cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum?
an, quod ubique, tuum est? tua sunt Heliconia tempe?

The underlined portion is an example of__________.

Possible Answers:

Synchesis

Chiasmus

Enjambment

Tmesis

Correct answer:

Chiasmus

Explanation:

The underlined portion ("arma . . . violentaque") is an example of chiasmus. It has the ABBA structure of a chiamus (accusative pl - dative sing - dative sing - accusative pl). Note that sychesis has a ABAB structure, enjambment is the continuation of a sentence/phrase onto another line, and tmesis is the separation of a compound word into two parts.

The correct choice is "chiasmus."

(Passage adapted fromAmoresby Ovid, I.1–15)

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